{ "generated_at": "2026-08-01T08:54:50.826150+00:00", "method_version": 2, "source": "Globalping (api.globalping.io) volunteer probes inside mainland China", "scope": "DNS answers received by probes INSIDE China for a fixed panel of censored and benign domains, classified against a same-round control arm outside China", "method": "a CN answer is forged when it shares no address with the control arm's answer set; no forged-IP list is hardcoded, because the injector pool rotates", "vantage_limitation": "in-China probes are pinned to datacenter ASNs (Tencent, Alibaba, Huawei Cloud). Globalping's CN pool also contains household connections, and a volunteer hosting a probe did not thereby consent to have their home connection emit DNS queries for censored domains. The cost is real: this measures filtering as experienced on Chinese CLOUD networks, which is not necessarily what a household sees", "attribution_caveat": "a forged answer proves on-path DNS interference, not necessarily national filtering; Tencent and Alibaba each run resolver interception, so a domain forged within a single ASN is reported as SINGLE_OPERATOR rather than as blocked", "control": { "state": "SIGHTED", "why": "injection observed on 5 censored domain(s): torproject.org, rsf.org, www.hrw.org, zh.wikipedia.org, wikileaks.org" }, "block_rate": 1.0, "reading": "the panel is comprehensively blocked from inside", "n_censored_answered": 5, "n_censored_blocked": 5, "panel_size": 11, "regional_status": "reporting", "regional": [ { "domain": "torproject.org", "role": "measurement", "verdict": "SINGLE_OPERATOR", "detail": "forged from all 2 answering vantages but only AS45090 is represented; one operator's resolver behaviour is not distinguishable from national filtering at this width" }, { "domain": "rsf.org", "role": "measurement", "verdict": "UNIFORM_BLOCKED", "detail": "forged from all 7 answering vantages [Beijing (AS37963), Beijing (AS45090), Guangzhou (AS45090), Shanghai (AS55990), Shenzhen (AS37963), Shenzhen (AS45090), Tianjin (AS45090)]" }, { "domain": "www.hrw.org", "role": "measurement", "verdict": "REGIONAL", "detail": "blocked from 3/6 vantages [Beijing (AS45090), Shanghai (AS55990), Tianjin (AS45090)] but resolving correctly from [Beijing (AS45090), Shenzhen (AS37963), Tianjin (AS45090)] — filtering is not uniform" }, { "domain": "zh.wikipedia.org", "role": "measurement", "verdict": "REGIONAL", "detail": "blocked from 9/12 vantages [Beijing (AS37963), Beijing (AS45090), Chongqing (AS45090), Guangzhou (AS45090), Nanjing (AS45090), Shanghai (AS55990), Tianjin (AS45090), Wuhan (AS37963)] but resolving correctly from [Beijing (AS45090), Guangzhou (AS45090), Shenzhen (AS45090)] — filtering is not uniform" }, { "domain": "wikileaks.org", "role": "measurement", "verdict": "UNIFORM_BLOCKED", "detail": "forged from all 7 answering vantages [Beijing (AS45090), Nanjing (AS45090), Shanghai (AS45090), Tianjin (AS45090), Wuhan (AS37963)]" }, { "domain": "en.wikipedia.org", "role": "boundary", "verdict": "REGIONAL", "detail": "blocked from 11/13 vantages [Beijing (AS37963), Beijing (AS45090), Chongqing (AS45090), Guangzhou (AS45090), Nanjing (AS45090), Shanghai (AS55990), Shenzhen (AS45090), Tianjin (AS45090), Wuhan (AS37963)] but resolving correctly from [Guangzhou (AS45090), Shanghai (AS45090)] — filtering is not uniform" }, { "domain": "archive.org", "role": "boundary", "verdict": "UNIFORM_BLOCKED", "detail": "forged from all 8 answering vantages [Beijing (AS45090), Chongqing (AS45090), Nanjing (AS45090), Shanghai (AS55990), Tianjin (AS45090), Wuhan (AS37963)]" }, { "domain": "duckduckgo.com", "role": "boundary", "verdict": "UNIFORM_BLOCKED", "detail": "forged from all 3 answering vantages [Shanghai (AS45090), Shenzhen (AS45090), Wuhan (AS37963)]" }, { "domain": "github.com", "role": "boundary", "verdict": "INSUFFICIENT", "detail": "only 1 vantage(s) answered; regional variation cannot be judged below 2" } ], "boundary": [ { "domain": "en.wikipedia.org", "n_forged": 11, "n_clean": 2, "geo_variable": false, "state": "split across vantages" }, { "domain": "archive.org", "n_forged": 8, "n_clean": 0, "geo_variable": false, "state": "blocked from every answering vantage" }, { "domain": "duckduckgo.com", "n_forged": 3, "n_clean": 0, "geo_variable": false, "state": "blocked from every answering vantage" }, { "domain": "github.com", "n_forged": 0, "n_clean": 1, "geo_variable": true, "state": "undetermined, the control arm disagreed with itself" } ], "boundary_note": "domains whose treatment is reported to vary, measured beside the headline panel and deliberately excluded from the block rate. They are where a REGIONAL verdict can appear at all; the measurement set is long-blocked by design and saturates at uniform", "domains": [ { "domain": "torproject.org", "expected_censored": true, "role": "measurement", "ddti": "CIRCUMVENTION", "control_answers": [ "116.202.120.165", "116.202.120.166", "204.8.99.144", "204.8.99.146", "95.216.163.36" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "HETZNER-AS", "QUINTEX" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 2, "n_clean": 0, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 11, "forged_fraction": 1.0, "vantages": [ { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "104.23.125.189" ], "answer_owners": [], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "202.106.1.2" ], "answer_owners": [ "CHINA169-BJ" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "66.220.149.18" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "104.23.125.189" ], "answer_owners": [], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "216.234.179.13" ], "answer_owners": [ "BOOST-MOBILE" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "202.181.7.85" ], "answer_owners": [ "EXPERT-AS-AP" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "203.161.230.171" ], "answer_owners": [ "HKTDCS-AS-AP" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "216.234.179.13" ], "answer_owners": [ "BOOST-MOBILE" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "168.143.171.154" ], "answer_owners": [ "HostRoyale" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "4.36.66.178" ], "answer_owners": [ "LEVEL3" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "202.106.1.2" ], "answer_owners": [ "CHINA169-BJ" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "66.220.149.18" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "202.106.1.2" ], "answer_owners": [ "CHINA169-BJ" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" } ], "pool_evidence": [] }, { "domain": "rsf.org", "expected_censored": true, "role": "measurement", "ddti": "INFORMATION", "control_answers": [ "104.25.93.108", "104.25.94.108", "172.67.66.183" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "CLOUDFLARENET" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 7, "n_clean": 0, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 6, "forged_fraction": 1.0, "vantages": [ { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "104.244.46.52" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "130.211.15.150" ], "answer_owners": [ "GOOGLE-CLOUD-PLATFORM" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.149.235" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "154.92.16.97" ], "answer_owners": [ "YISUCLOUDLTD-HK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for www.hrw.org" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "103.226.246.99" ], "answer_owners": [ "SOUNDSTACK" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.75.5" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.149.235" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.102" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "174.36.196.242" ], "answer_owners": [], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "128.242.240.212" ], "answer_owners": [ "HostRoyale" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "148.163.48.215" ], "answer_owners": [ "IOFLOOD" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "202.160.128.14" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "174.37.154.236" ], "answer_owners": [ "SOFTLAYER" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" } ], "pool_evidence": [ "154.92.16.97" ] }, { "domain": "www.hrw.org", "expected_censored": true, "role": "measurement", "ddti": "INFORMATION", "control_answers": [ "23.185.0.2" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "FASTLY" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 3, "n_clean": 3, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 7, "forged_fraction": 0.5, "vantages": [ { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "168.143.171.93" ], "answer_owners": [ "HostRoyale" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.8" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "104.244.43.208" ], "answer_owners": [ "FASTLY" ] }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "162.125.34.133" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "104.244.43.167" ], "answer_owners": [ "FASTLY" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.170.44" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "208.77.47.172" ], "answer_owners": [ "ASN-DCS-01" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "154.92.16.97" ], "answer_owners": [ "YISUCLOUDLTD-HK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for rsf.org" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.165.147" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.172.1" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "80.87.199.46" ], "answer_owners": [ "RU-JSCIOT" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "104.244.43.208" ], "answer_owners": [ "FASTLY" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "69.63.180.173" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" } ], "pool_evidence": [ "154.92.16.97" ] }, { "domain": "zh.wikipedia.org", "expected_censored": true, "role": "measurement", "ddti": "INFORMATION", "control_answers": [ "185.15.59.224" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "WIKIMEDIA" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 9, "n_clean": 3, "n_silent": 2, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 0, "forged_fraction": 0.75, "vantages": [ { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.16.158.8" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.73.169" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "103.102.166.224" ], "answer_owners": [ "WIKIMEDIA" ] }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.88.26" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for en.wikipedia.org, wikileaks.org" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.20" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "157.240.17.35" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.88.169" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for en.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.68.169" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "103.102.166.224" ], "answer_owners": [ "WIKIMEDIA" ] }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "103.102.166.224" ], "answer_owners": [ "WIKIMEDIA" ] }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.229" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for en.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.229" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for en.wikipedia.org" } ], "pool_evidence": [ "103.102.166.224", "199.59.148.229", "31.13.88.169", "31.13.88.26" ] }, { "domain": "wikileaks.org", "expected_censored": true, "role": "measurement", "ddti": "INFORMATION", "control_answers": [ "51.159.197.136" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "AS12876" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 7, "n_clean": 0, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 6, "forged_fraction": 1.0, "vantages": [ { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.89" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.162.98" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.89" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "74.86.118.24" ], "answer_owners": [ "SOFTLAYER" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.149.136" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "128.242.250.157" ], "answer_owners": [ "HostRoyale" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "74.86.228.110" ], "answer_owners": [ "SOFTLAYER" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "104.244.43.231" ], "answer_owners": [ "FASTLY" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.88.26" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for en.wikipedia.org, zh.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.149.230" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "173.252.108.21" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.162.98" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.89" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" } ], "pool_evidence": [ "31.13.88.26" ] }, { "domain": "en.wikipedia.org", "expected_censored": true, "role": "boundary", "ddti": "INFORMATION", "control_answers": [ "185.15.59.224" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "WIKIMEDIA" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 11, "n_clean": 2, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 0, "forged_fraction": 0.846, "vantages": [ { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "103.102.166.224" ], "answer_owners": [ "WIKIMEDIA" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.229" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for zh.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.88.169" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for zh.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "103.102.166.224" ], "answer_owners": [ "WIKIMEDIA" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.73.9" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.94.37" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.94.49" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.16.158.182" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.229" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for zh.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.112.9" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.88.26" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for wikileaks.org, zh.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.229" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for zh.wikipedia.org" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.88.169" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered with an address the same round returned for zh.wikipedia.org" } ], "pool_evidence": [ "103.102.166.224", "199.59.148.229", "31.13.88.169", "31.13.88.26" ] }, { "domain": "archive.org", "expected_censored": true, "role": "boundary", "ddti": "INFORMATION", "control_answers": [ "207.241.224.2" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "INTERNET-ARCHIVE" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 8, "n_clean": 0, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 5, "forged_fraction": 1.0, "vantages": [ { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "157.240.9.36" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "157.240.2.14" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "128.242.245.157" ], "answer_owners": [ "HostRoyale" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "199.59.148.201" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "69.63.176.15" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "150.107.3.176" ], "answer_owners": [ "ZEN-DPS" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "31.13.95.37" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "67.228.235.91" ], "answer_owners": [ "SOFTLAYER" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "69.63.176.59" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "128.242.245.157" ], "answer_owners": [ "HostRoyale" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "157.240.9.36" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "157.240.2.14" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "128.242.245.157" ], "answer_owners": [ "HostRoyale" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" } ], "pool_evidence": [] }, { "domain": "duckduckgo.com", "expected_censored": true, "role": "boundary", "ddti": "INFORMATION", "control_answers": [ "40.114.177.156", "52.142.124.215" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 3, "n_clean": 0, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 10, "forged_fraction": 1.0, "vantages": [ { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "199.96.63.75" ], "answer_owners": [], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "199.96.63.177" ], "answer_owners": [], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "104.244.43.6" ], "answer_owners": [ "FASTLY" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "162.125.2.6" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.167.165" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "202.160.129.164" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.161.20" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "157.240.8.41" ], "answer_owners": [ "FACEBOOK" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (FACEBOOK)" }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "98.159.108.61" ], "answer_owners": [ "AS-GLOBALTELEHOST" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "forged", "answers": [ "202.160.128.203" ], "answer_owners": [ "TWITTER" ], "why": "answered from a network this round's injector drew from (TWITTER)" }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.166.9" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "104.244.43.182" ], "answer_owners": [ "FASTLY" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "undetermined", "answers": [ "108.160.166.9" ], "answer_owners": [ "DROPBOX" ], "why": "differs from the control and shows no sign of the injector's pool; a regional edge cannot be ruled out" } ], "pool_evidence": [] }, { "domain": "github.com", "expected_censored": true, "role": "boundary", "ddti": "CIRCUMVENTION", "control_answers": [ "140.82.121.3", "20.26.156.215" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [ "GITHUB", "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ], "ownership_resolved": true, "geo_variable": true, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 0, "n_clean": 1, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 12, "n_undetermined": 0, "forged_fraction": 0.0, "vantages": [ { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "140.82.121.3" ], "answer_owners": [ "GITHUB" ] }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "geo_variable", "answers": [ "20.205.243.166" ], "answer_owners": [ "MICROSOFT-CORP-MSN-AS-BLOCK" ] } ], "pool_evidence": [] }, { "domain": "one.one.one.one", "expected_censored": false, "role": "control", "ddti": null, "control_answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [], "ownership_resolved": false, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 0, "n_clean": 13, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 0, "forged_fraction": 0.0, "vantages": [ { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Chongqing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Wuhan", "asn": 37963, "network": "Hangzhou Alibaba Advertising", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "silent", "answers": [], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 55990, "network": "Huawei Cloud Service data center", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shenzhen", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Shanghai", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Nanjing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Beijing", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Tianjin", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] }, { "city": "Guangzhou", "asn": 45090, "network": "Shenzhen Tencent Computer Systems Company", "state": "clean", "answers": [ "1.0.0.1", "1.1.1.1" ], "answer_owners": [] } ], "pool_evidence": [] }, { "domain": "dns.google", "expected_censored": false, "role": "control", "ddti": null, "control_answers": [ "8.8.4.4", "8.8.8.8" ], "control_probes": 2, "control_countries": [ "DE", "NL" ], "control_owners": [], "ownership_resolved": false, "geo_variable": false, "n_vantages": 14, "n_forged": 0, "n_clean": 13, "n_silent": 1, "n_geo_variable": 0, "n_undetermined": 0, 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